Install Python Packages in Google Colab

Google Colab is a free cloud-based platform for running Python code. It comes with many pre-installed packages. But sometimes, you need to install additional ones.

This guide will show you how to install Python packages in Google Colab. We'll cover different methods like using pip, conda, and more.

Why Install Packages in Google Colab?

Google Colab has many popular Python packages. But you might need newer versions or special packages. Installing them is easy.

Some reasons to install packages:

• Use the latest version of a package
• Add packages not included by default
• Test experimental features

Method 1: Install with pip

The easiest way is using pip. Just run this command in a code cell:

 
!pip install package_name

For example, to install numpy:

 
!pip install numpy

Collecting numpy
  Downloading numpy-1.21.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl (15.8 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.21.2

Note: The ! tells Colab to run a shell command. This works for any Linux command.

Method 2: Install Specific Versions

You can specify a version with ==:

 
!pip install pandas==1.3.0

This is useful when you need an exact version for compatibility.

Method 3: Install from Requirements File

For multiple packages, use a requirements.txt file. First upload it, then run:

 
!pip install -r requirements.txt

This method is great for reproducing environments. Learn more about installing with requirements.txt.

Method 4: Install with conda

Colab also supports conda. First install conda, then use it:

 
!pip install -q condacolab
import condacolab
condacolab.install()

Now you can use conda commands:

 
!conda install package_name

For complex environments, conda might be better than pip. See our guide on installing with conda.

Method 5: Install from GitHub

For development versions, install directly from GitHub:

 
!pip install git+https://github.com/user/repo.git

Method 6: Install Local Packages

You can upload and install local packages too:

1. Upload the package file (.whl or .tar.gz)
2. Install it with pip

 
!pip install package_file.whl

For more on this, see our guides on .whl files and .tar.gz files.

Common Issues and Solutions

1. Restart Runtime After Install

Some packages need a runtime restart. Go to Runtime > Restart runtime after installing.

2. Check Installed Packages

See what's installed with:

 
!pip list

3. Upgrade Packages

Use --upgrade to get the latest version:

 
!pip install --upgrade package_name

Conclusion

Installing Python packages in Google Colab is simple. The main method is using pip with ! prefix. For special cases, you can use conda or install from files.

Remember that installed packages don't persist after the session ends. You'll need to reinstall them each time.

Now you're ready to use any Python package in Colab. Happy coding!