How to Install Python from Source

Installing Python from source gives you the latest version and full control over the build process. This guide covers the steps for Linux, macOS, and Windows.

Prerequisites

Before installing Python from source, ensure you have these tools:

Linux/macOS: GCC, make, and development libraries.

Windows: Visual Studio or MinGW for compilation.

Check if GCC is installed:

gcc --version

gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) 9.4.0

Download Python Source Code

Get the latest Python source from the official website:

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.0/Python-3.12.0.tgz

Extract the downloaded file:

tar -xf Python-3.12.0.tgz

Configure the Build

Navigate to the Python directory and run configure:

cd Python-3.12.0
./configure --enable-optimizations

The --enable-optimizations flag improves performance.

Compile Python

Build Python using make:

make -j 8

The -j 8 speeds up compilation using 8 CPU cores.

Install Python

Install the compiled Python binaries:

sudo make altinstall

Note: Use altinstall to avoid overwriting system Python.

Verify Installation

Check the installed Python version:

python3.12 --version

Python 3.12.0

Install pip

Python comes with ensurepip to install pip:

python3.12 -m ensurepip --upgrade

For more details, see our guide on how to install pip for Python.

Create Virtual Environment

Use venv to create isolated environments:

python3.12 -m venv myenv

Learn more about Python virtual environments.

Windows Installation

On Windows, use Visual Studio for compilation:

1. Open "x64 Native Tools Command Prompt"
2. Run PCbuild\build.bat

For alternative methods, see how to install Python on Windows.

Conclusion

Installing Python from source gives you the latest features. Follow these steps for Linux, macOS, or Windows.

For easier installation, consider Miniconda or Anaconda.